Paris Capital of the World

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On being released from the hospital, Apollinaire discovers what life is like in Paris during the war. In Montparnasse, foreign artists-most of whom are Jewish, having fled the anti-Semitism of Eastern Europe-are dying of hunger. They form the School of Paris. Soutine, the poorest of the Russian artists, strikes up a friendship with Modigliani, the handsomest of the Italians. In 1917, Apollinaire stages a performance of his play Les Mamelles de Tirésias using the subheading "surrealist drama." The word "surrealist" is born. It catches on, becoming common currency in art circles around the globe. One year later, Apollinaire succumbs to the Spanish flu. Modigliani passes away on January 24, 1920. His funeral, attended by all the artists of Montparnasse, brings the age of bohemianism to a definitive end.