One of the war's major turning points was the Soviet victory at Stalingrad in 1943. This was followed by Allied victory in North Africa and the subsequent invasion of Sicily and Italy. The Russians would have another major victory at Kursk in July 1943, and began their relentless drive through Eastern Europe. German U-Boats reduced the number of supply ships reaching Britain. Rationing of food and clothing was introduced, with market gardens supplying additional staple foods. In Germany and Britain, women contributed to the war effort, working in factories, on farms, and by joining auxiliaries of the Navy, the Army, and the Air Force. Operation Overlord began on D-Day, June 6 1944. At the same time, the Soviets drove the Germans out of Russia, and reached Poland. It was in Poland that Soviet soldiers discovered the first of many Nazi Extermination Camps. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 had formalized Nazi anti-Jewish policies, eventually leading to the Final Solution of the Jewish problem. After the Battle of The Bulge, Allied forces advanced into Germany, while the Soviets captured Berlin. Germany finally surrendered to the Allies on May 8 1944, VE Day. At the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi leaders were tried for their war crimes.