Annamalai Karthikeyan, Ph.D.

Dr. Karthikeyan

 Recent Accomplishments
Recent Awards
Contacts
Education
Affiliations
Honors
Research Interests
Patents
Publications
Presentations

Current position:

Senior Research Specialist, Materials Chemistry Laboratory

Current research:

super capacitor Novel strategies for electrical energy storage.

Ultracapacitor fabrication and performance analysis.

High energy density batteries and hybrids.

Prototype development and process conditioning.

Fuel production and membrane processes.

Solid State Ionics at Nanoscales.

Recent Accomplishments:

Pseudocapacitors based on mixed transition metal oxides.
Proof of concept pseudocapacitors based on mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramics (patent pending).
High surface area carbon-metal and carbon-metal oxide composite electrode materials (patent pending).
Surface enchanced / modulated charge transport and exchange kinetics in oxide ion conductors.
Fuel production through mixed conducting oxide ion conductors (licenced patents and pending patents). 

Recent Awards:

July 2009: Co-principal investigator; NSF-STTR grant; Oshkosh Nanotechnology, LLC and University of Wisconsin Oshkosh collaboration.
High performance Electrical Energy Storage Devices (EES); Total Grant ~ $150k. Award # IIP-0930029. 

Contacts:

Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh WI 54901.
Phone: 920-424-7098; Fax: 920-424-2042; E-mail: karthika@uwosh.edu

Education:

1995 Ph.D. (Physics) - Solid State Materials
Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, India.
Thesis: Transport studies, ion conduction mechanism and silver battery applications of silver solid electrolytes.
1988 M.S. Physics
University of Madras, Chennai, India; Specialization in Electronics.
Project report: Black Holes.
1986 B.S. Physics
University of Madras, Chennai, India. Chemistry and Mathematics Minor.
Elective: Optics and communication.

Affiliations:

August 2008 to Present
Research Specialist, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
Feb 2006 to July 2008
Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Feb 2004 to Jan 2006
Research Associate, Manufacturing Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (US Department of Energy project).
July 2000 to Jan 2004
Research Associate, Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State Univeristy, Ames, Iowa (Office of Naval Research (ONR) project). 
Aug 1998 to Jun 2000
ICEMS Fellow, IST, Lisbon, Portugal. 
Feb 1994 to Aug 1998
Chemical Division Research Associate, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Sep 1997 to Jul 1998:
European Comm. Project on Microbatteries, CNRS/ICMCB, Univ. of Bordeaux, France.

Honors:

2006  Finalist in Ignite Clean Energy Competition, MIT, May, 2006. 
2004 Honorable mention, Best poster contest, Fuel Cell Seminar, San Antonio, 2004. 
Sep 1998 Jun 2000: Guest researcher at INESC, Lisbon, Portugal. 
1997-1998: European Comm. Fellowship, CNRS/ICMCB, Univ. of Bordeaux, France. 
1994-1997: Awarded Chemical Division Research Associateship, IISc, Bangalore, India. 
1994: Qualified for Lectureship at Universities, University Grants Commission, India. 
1991-1994: Senior Research Fellowship, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.

Research Interests:

Materials:
Development of solid electrolyte and electrode materials.
Non-stoichiometric oxides for energy storage.
Blends/hybrids: polymer-inorganic, salt-ceramic, and glass-ceramics.
H+, O2- and Li+ superionics.
Devices:
Photo-electrochemical cells for fuel production.
Pseudocapacitors and battery-capacitor hybrids.
Electrolyzer cells and fuel cells.
Fundamentals:
Electrochemical device performance and circuit element analysis.
Defects and ion transport in nanoscale materials.
Materials simulation: structure and dynamics.

Patents:

Gibson, C. and Karthikeyan, A. (2009): Novel carbon-metal nanocomposite electrode materials preparation; Provisional application under process.
Gibson, C. and Karthikeyan, A. (2009): Nanostructured electrodes containing defect metal oxides, US Patent Pending*.
Gopalan, S., Pal, U.B., Karthikeyan, A. and Cui, H. (2006): Composite mixed ionic and electronic conductors for hydrogen separation. U. S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No.  2006191408 dated 20060831.
Gopalan, S., Pal, U.B., Karthikeyan, A. and Cui, H. (2007): Composite mixed ionic and electronic conductors for hydrogen separation. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), WO/2007/011401.
Gopalan, S., Pal, U.B., Karthikeyan, A. and Cui, H. (2007): Surface exchange electrocatalysts for ceramic membranes, PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 41pp. 2007086949 dated 20070802.
Ramanathan, S., and Karthikeyan, A.  (2007): Nanoscale gas separation device utilizing thin film structures for hydrogen production for fuel cell. PCT Int. Appl., 21pp, 2007118237 dated 20071018.
Ramanathan, S., and Karthikeyan, A.  (2008): Photo activation of oxide fuel cells and gas separation devices. PCT Int. Appl. (2008), 2007083224 dated 20071018.

Publications:

A. Supercapacitors, Ultracapacitors and hybrid devices
(1) A. Karthikyean, and C. Gibson, Synthesis and development of supercapacitors using mixed metal oxide (Co-Ni) nanomaterials (to be submitted). 
(2) A. Karthikeyan, and C. Gibson, Synthesis of high surface area carbon-metal nano-composites and potential use electrode materials in supercapacitors (to be submitted)
B. Hydrogen Production Technology and Materials
3) Cui, H., Karthikeyan, A., Gopalan, S., and Pal, U.B. (2008): Evaluation of GDC-GSTA Mixed Oxygen Ion and Electron Conductors for Hydrogen Separation. J. Membrane Sci. (Technical reporting for licencing).
4) Karthikeyan, A., Cui,H., Gopalan, S., and Pal, U.B. (2006): Oxygen flux and process analysis of hydrogen separation from water through mixed conducting membranes, MRS Symposium Proceedings Vol. 885, page 285-290.
5) Cui,H., Karthikeyan, A., Gopalan,S. and Pal,U.B. (2006): Use of conductivity relaxation experiments to evaluate surface exchange catalysts. Electrochem. and Solid-state Lett., 9(3) A179-A181.
6) Cui, H., Karthikeyan, A., Gopalan, S., and Pal, U.B. (2005): GDC-YSTA Composite Mixed Conductor for Hydrogen Separation. J. Electrochem. Soc. , 152, A1726-A1932.
7) Karthikeyan, A., Cui,H., Gopalan, S., and Pal, U.B. (2005): Chemical Diffusion And Hydrogen Separation Properties of Lanthanum Ferrite And Doped Ceria Composite Mixed Conductors. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 26(4) 91-98.
8) Karthikeyan, A., Cui,H., Gopalan, S., and Pal, U.B. (2005): New MIEC Membranes for Hydrogen Separation. Proceedings of the SOFC Symposium, 207th ECS Meeting, Quebec, Canada.
C. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Technology
9) Ramanathan, S.,  Karthikeyan, A., Govindarajan, S. A., and Kirsch, P.D., (2008), Effect of rare-earth doping and nitrogen passivation treatments on properties of ultra thin hafnia films, ECS Transactions, 16(5), 497.
10) Karthikeyan, A., and Ramanathan, S. (2008), Temperature dependant interfacial carrier transport in low dimensional oxide using ionic conductor-insulator (YDZ-SiO2) superlattices,  Journal of Applied Physics, 104, 124314. 
11) Karthikeyan, A., Tsuchiya, M., and Ramanathan, S. (2008), Apatite phase sysnthesis from inter-diffusion in GDC-SiO2 thin-film superlattices and in-situ conductivity studies, Electrochemical Solid State. Lett. 11(11), K101.
12) Ramanathan, S.,  Karthikeyan, A., Govindarajan, S. A., and Kirsch, P.D., (2008), Synthesis of nitrogen paasivated rare-earth doped hafnia thin films and high temperature electrochemical conduction studies, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. 26(4), L33.
13) Chengun H Ko, Karthikeyan, A., and Ramanathan, S. (2009), Oxygen surface exchange in titania films, Solid State Ionics (to be communiated).
14) Karthikeyan, A., and Ramanathan, S. (2008), Surface exchange process in gadolina doped ceria nano-films, App. Phys. Lett. 92(24), 243109.
15) Karthikeyan, A., Tsuchiya, M., and Ramanathan, S. (2008), Studies on structure-electrical conduction relationships in nanoscale doped zirconia films, Solid State Ionics 179(21-26), 1234.
16) Ginestra, C. N., Sreenivasan, R., Karthikeyan, A., Ramanathan, and S. McIntyre, P.C., Atomic Layer Deposition of Y2O3/ZrO2 Nanolaminates, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters  (2007),  10(10),  B161-B165.
17) Karthikeyan, A., Tsuchiya, M., Chang, C., and Ramanathan, S. (2007), Tunable electrical conductivity in nanoscale Gd-doped ceria thin films, App. Phys. Lett.   90(26), 263108.
18) Karthikeyan, A., Chang, C. and Ramanathan. S. (2006), High temperature conductivity studies on nano-scale yttria-doped zirconia thin films and size effects, Appl. Phys. Lett.  89(18) 183116.
D. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Technology
19) Martindale, Chad A., Karthikeyan, A., Böhmer, Roland, and Martin, S. W. (2006), Synthesis and Characterization of Ge/Sn (II) Iodide Doped Thioborate Anhydrous Proton Conductors, Solid State Ionics, 177, 2865.
20) Karthikeyan, A., Martindale Chad A. and Martin S. W. (2003): New Protonated Thioborate Glasses in the x H2S + (1-x) B2S3 Series. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 3384-3389.
21) Karthikeyan, A., Martindale Chad A. and Martin S. W. (2003): New anhydrous proton conducting materials based on thioborates. Phys. Chem. Glasses 44(2), 143-146.
22) Martin, S.W., Karthikeyan, A. and Martindale Chad A. (2002): Glass used in high-performance fuel cell development. The Glass Researcher 12(1) (2003) 10-11.
23) Karthikeyan, A., Martin S. W. and Martindale Chad A. (2004): Preparation and characterization new proton conduction chalcogenide glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 139, 215-222.
24) Karthikeyan, A., Martindale Chad A. and Martin S. W. (2004): Proton conductivity in a new class of H2S modified thioborate based glasses and ceramics. Solid State Ionics 175, 655-659.
25) Karthikeyan, A., Martindale Chad A. and Martin S. W. (2002): A new method to prepare polycrystalline meta-thioboric acid, (HBS2)3. Inorganic Chemistry Comm. 41, 622-624.
E. Lithium Battery Technology
26) Karthikeyan, A., Vinatier, P. and Levasseur. A. (2000): Impedance study of lithium glassy electrolyte interface with different electrodes. Bull. of Mat. Sci. 23, 179-183.
27) Karthikeyan, A., Vinatier, P., Levasseur, A. and Rao, K. J. (1999): The molecular dynamics study of lithium ion conduction in phosphate glasses and the role of non-bridging oxygen. J. Phys. Chem.  B 103, 6185-6192.
28) Rao, K. J., Baskaran, N., Ramakrishnan, P.A., Ravi, B.G. and Karthikeyan, A. (1998): Structural and ion transport properties of sol-gel prepared lithium silicophosphate glasses. Chemistry of Materials 10, 3109-3123.
29) Karthikeyan, A., Ravi, B.G., Baskaran, N. and Rao, K. J. (1998): Lithium lead phosphate glasses: Structure and Conductivity studies. Comm. of the European Communities, INCO-DC: 950-400, 30-43. 
F. Silver Battery Technology
30) Satyanarayana, N., Karthikeyan, A., Venkateswarlu, M. and Rambabu, B. (2001): Structural characterization and transport studies of AgI-Ag2O-(MoO3+As2O5) Glasses. Physics and Chemistry of Glasses 42(1), 67-73.
31) Karthikeyan, A., Satyanarayana, N. and Venkateswarlu. M. (1996): AC conductivity studies on the silver molybdo-arsenate glasses. J. Mat. Sci. 31, 5471-5477.
32) Karthikeyan, A. and Satyanarayana, N. (1994): Solid state batteries using silver based fast ionic conducting glassy electrolytes. J. Power Sources 51, 457-462.
33) Karthikeyan, A., Govindaraj, G., Satyanarayana, N. and Venketeswarlu, M. (1992): Study of dopant salt concentration in silver molybdoarsenate glasses. J. Mat. Sci. Eng. B13, 295-298.
34) Govindaraj, G., Satyanarayana, N. and Karthikeyan, A. (1990): Preparation and ion conductivity studies of silver based molybdoarsenate glasses.  J.Mat. Sci. Lett. 9, 1123-1125.
35) Satyanarayana, N., Govindaraj, G. and Karthikeyan, A. (1991): Effects of differing ratios of network modifier (Ag2O) to network formers (MoO3+V2O5) and dopant salt (AgI) concentrations in silver based superionic conducting glasses. J. Non. Cryst. Solids. 136, 219-226.
36) Satyanarayana, N., Govindaraj, G., Karthikeyan, A. and Srinivasa Rao, A. (1991): Study of AgI-Ag2O-(MoO3+V2O5) and AgI-Ag2O-(MoO3+As2O5) quaternary glassy systems for solid state batteries. Proc. of the Int. workshop on Solid State Materials, Univ. of Malaysia, Malaysia, August 1991.
37) Govindaraj, G., Satyanarayana, N., Karthikeyan, A. and Srinivasa Rao, A. (1991): An understanding of high ionic conductivity in glassy solids. Proc. of the Int. workshop on Solid State Materials, Univ. of Malaysia, Malaysia, August 1991.
38) Karthikeyan, A., Govindaraj, G. and Satyanarayana, N. (1992): A study of pre-exponential factor and ionic conductivity mechanism in glassy electrolytes. Proc. of the III Asian conference on Solid State Ionics, World Scientific, L26-30.
39) Satyanarayana, N., Govindaraj, G. and Karthikeyan, A. (1992): Silver based fast ionic conducting glassy systems: Transport studies and battery applications. Proc. of the V Asia Pacific Physics Conf., Malaysia, August 1992, 915-18.
40) Karthikeyan, A. and Satyanarayana, N. (1993): Ionic conduction in glassy electrolytes a Monte Carlo study. Proc. of the Solid State Physics Sym. (India), 36C, 253. 
G. Theoretical Research on Electrolytes Used in Batteries
41) Karthikeyan, A., and Ramanathan, S. (2009), Uncorrelated oxygen ion hopping in oxide nano-ceramics, (To be communicated).
42) Karthikeyan, A. and Rao, K. J. (1997): Structure and silver ion transport in AgI-Ag2MoO4 glass: A molecular dynamics study. J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 3105-3114.
43) Satyanarayana, N., Karthikeyan, A. and Vankateswarlu, M. (1997): Monte Carlo simulation of ion conduction in silver based glassy electrolytes. Mat. Sci. Eng. B 47, 210-217.
44) Karthikeyan, A. and Almeida, Rui M. (2001): Structural anomaly in sodium germanates glass by molecular dynamics simulation. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 281, 152-161.  
H. Materials related to Photo-electrochemistry
45) Synthesis and vaiable temperature electrical conductivity studies of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (2009), R. Azmatulu, A. Karthikeyan, D. C. Bell, S. Ramanathan, M. J. Aziz, J. Mat. Science, 44, 4613. 
46) Karthikeyan, A., and Ramanathan, S. (2007), Effect of photon irradiation on conductivity of nanoscale yttria-doped zirconia thin films, App. Phys. Lett., 90(9), 093107.
47) Karthikeyan, A. and Almeida, Rui M. (2001): Phase Separation in SiO2-TiO2 gel and glassy films studied by AFM and TEM. J. Mat. Res. 16(6), 1626-1631.
48) Karthikeyan, A. and Almeida, Rui M. (2000): Crystallization properties of TiO2-SiO2 thin films studied by Atomic Force Microscopy. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 274, 169-174.  
I. Other Related Area(s)
49) Martin S. W., Wallleser, J., Karthikeyan, A. and Sorderlet, D. (2004): Enthalpy relaxation studies of the metallic glass transition. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 139, 347-354.

Presentations:

A. Karthikyean, and C. Gibson (July 23, 2009), High Surface Area Carbon/Metal Composites with Potential Use in Supercapacitors, 2nd Annual Wisconsin Science and Technology Symposium, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
C. Gibson and A. Karthikeyan, (July 23, 2009), Double Layer Capacitor Electrodes Containing Nanophase Metal Oxides, 2nd Annual Wisconsin Science and Technology Symposium, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
A. Karthikeyan, A. and S. Ramanathan, (May, 6 2008), Electrochemical properties of  nanoscale oxide ceramic conductors, i-MAPS 35th Symposium and Expo, Boxborough, MA.
A. Karthikeyan, A., (April, 15, 2008) (Invited), Oxide ceramics for energy and fuel production – Prospects for 2nd and 3rd generation devices, Colorado Fuel Cell Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.
A. Karthikeyan, A., M. Tsuchiya, and S. Ramanathan, (July, 1-6, 2007), Studies on structure-electrical conduction relationships in nanoscale doped zirconia films, 16th International conference on Solid State Ionics, Shanghai, China.
A. Karthikeyan, C. Chang and S. Ramanathan, (July 17, 2006): Size effects on electrical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia. GRC on High Temperature Materials, Processes and Diagnostics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, USA.
A. Karthikeyan, H. Cui, S. Gopalan and U. Pal (January, 25, 2005): Ambipolar oxygen migration in Lanthanum Ferrite and doped ceria – SrTiO3 dual phase composite systems for hydrogen separation process, 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Cocoa Beach, Florida, USA.

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Last updated: October 2, 2009