BIO308/508 - Comparative Anatomy

Course Syllabus for Spring 2013

Instructor
Dr. David Dilkes

Office: HS-158
Research Lab: HS-244
Office Phone: 920-424-3074
Email: dilkes@uwosh.edu
Office Hours: 1:00-2:00pm on Tuesdays or by appointment

Introduction

Welcome to the web page for BIO308/508 Comparative Anatomy! Here you will find the course syllabus, links to lecture study guides, copies of articles in pdf format and links to a host of weird, funny and extremely information web sites for comparative anatomy. So, please spend some time exploring this web page and the many links that I have provided. I have created this page for you, to help with the course material and hopefully instill within you the same fascination that I have for vertebrate anatomy!

During the lectures and labs, we will explore the evolutionary history of selected organ systems of vertebrates. As we examine each organ system, we will draw upon information from the anatomy of living species, the steps during the development of organ systems and the fossil record. All of this information will be combined and placed within the context of the best-supported hypothesis of phylogeny. The basics of the currently accepted method, known as cladistics, for producing these phylogenetic hypotheses will be reviewed.

When and Where Do We Meet?

Lecture Hours:
Monday and Wednesday HS-237 3:00-4:30

Lab Hours:
Tuesday and Thursday HS-261 3:00-5:00

What Are Our Goals?

Course Objectives:
1. To be able to discuss the characteristic features of all vertebrates and know the broad pattern of the evolutionary relationships of vertebrates.
2. To know the relative contributions of modern anatomy, embryonic development and the fossil record to our understanding of the evolutionary history of the major organ systems of vertebrates.
3. To acquire skill and confidence for dissection, and be able to identify the major organs and their details in a vertebrate.

What Do You Need?

Textbooks and Materials for the Course
Required Textbook
Liem, K.F., W.E. Bemis, W.F. Walker, Jr., and L. Grande. 2001. Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates. An Evolutionary Perspective. 3rd edition. Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Required Lab Manuals
De Iuliis, Gerardo and Dino Pulerà. 2011. The Dissection of Vertebrates. A Laboratory Manual. 2nd Edition. Elsevier Inc.
A Course Packet is available in the University Bookstore.

Lab Equipment
Most of each lab period will be spent dissecting representative vertebrates. You will need to bring to each lab period your copy of the lab manual, a dissecting kit and a lab coat (or an old shirt). Your text will be useful, although not required. Rubber gloves will be supplied. The dissecting kit should contain a scalpel with replacement blades, a pair of small and large scissors, forceps and blunt and sharp probes. No food or drinks are allowed in the lab.

Syllabus BIO308

Syllabus BIO508

Now For the Details!

Lecture Schedule for Spring 2013
For each lecture topic below, a link will be added to the lecture title to access the study guide for that lecture. Each study guide will consist of objectives of the lecture, terms to know, and any links to comparative anatomy web pages that will provide additional information. These guides are a study aid for you, so please use them! Also, a pdf file is provided of the images used in the lecture. Bring these images to lecture for making notes.

Lecture #	Date	Lecture Topic	Text Readings for Further Detail
1	Monday January 28	Introduction to the Course
2	Wednesday January 30	Study Guide: Chordata and the Origin of Vertebrates Lecture Images: Chordata and the Origin of Vertebrates	Chapter 2
3	Monday February 4	Study Guide: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Agnathans, Chondrichthyes, and Placodermi Lecture Images: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Agnathans, Chondrichthyes, and Placodermi	Chapter 3 (pgs. 48-63)
4	Wednesday February 6	Study Guide: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Osteichthyes and Amphibia Lecture Images: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Osteichthyes and Amphibia	Chapter 3 (pgs. 63-84)
5	Monday February 11	Study Guide: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Reptilia (including Aves) and Mammalia Lecture Images: Synopsis of Vertebrate History: Reptilia (including Aves) and Mammalia	Chapter 3 (pgs. 84-113)
6	Wednesday February 13	Study Guide: Embryology: Cleavage, Gastrulation, and Neurulation	Chapter 4 (pgs. 131-142, 146-147)
7	Monday February 18	Inside Nature's Giants: The Great White Shark Review for Lecture Exam 1
	Wednesday February 20	LECTURE EXAM #1 Lectures 2-7 including The Great White Shark episode
8	Monday February 25	Study Guide: Integument: Scales, Hair, and Feathers Lecture Images: Integument: Scales, Hair, and Feathers	Chapter 6
9	Wednesday February 27	Study Guide: Skull – Basics of Chondrocranium, Splanchnocranium, and Dermatocranium Lecture Images: Skull - Dermatocranium Lecture Images: Pharyngeal Jaws	Chapter 7 (pgs. 233-267)
10	Monday March 4	Study Guide: Axial Skeleton	Chapter 8
11	Wednesday March 6	Study Guide: Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Images: Appendicular Skeleton	Chapter 9
12	Monday March 11	Study Guide: Muscular System I: Muscle Architecture and Actions, Muscle Homology, Axial and Appendicular Muscles	Chapter 10 (pgs 318-319, 321-322, 327-330, 337-345)
13	Wednesday March 13	Inside Nature's Giants: The Leatherback Turtle Review for Lecture Exam 2
	Monday March 18 & Wednesday March 19	NO LECTURES: SPRING RECESS
14	Monday March 25	Study Guide: Muscular System II: Branchiomeric Muscles Submit Essay Draft to Instructor and Essay Partner	Chapter 10 (pgs. 331-337)
	Wednesday March 27	LECTURE EXAM #2 Lectures 8-13 including The Leatherback Turtle episode
15	Monday April 1	Study Guide: Digestive System Lecture Images: Digestive System Submit Comments on Essay of your Essay Partner to Instructor	Chapter 4 (pgs 159-164), Chapter 16 (pgs. 534, 551-553) and Chapter 17
16	Wednesday April 3	Study Guide: Respiratory System - Principles of Diffusion of Gases, Cutaneous Respiration, Gills, and Lungs Lecture Images: Respiratory System - Principles of Diffusion of Gases, Cutaneous Respiration, Gills, and Lungs Handout for lecture: Diffusion Law (read before lecture)	Chapter 18 (pgs. 575-600)
17	Monday April 8	Study Guide: Circulatory System - Pathways of Blood Flow, the Heart, and the Venous System Lecture Images: Circulatory System - Pathways of Blood Flow, the Heart, and the Venous System Extra PowerPoint Handout on Venous System	Chapter 19 (pgs. 608-611, 612-622)
18	Wednesday April 10	Study Guide: Nervous System - Central Lecture Images: Nervous System - Central	Chapter 14 (pgs. 474, 477-490)
19	Monday April 15	Inside Nature's Giants: The Giraffe Review for Lecture Exam 3
	Wednesday April 17	LECTURE EXAM #3 Lectures 14-19 including the Giraffe episode
20	Monday April 22	Study Guide: Nervous System - Peripheral Final Version of Essay Due	Chapter 13 (pgs. 438-443, 450-466)
21	Wednesday April 24	Study Guide: Sensory Organs - Eyes Lecture Images: Sensory Organs - Eyes	Chapter 12 (pgs. 424-433)
22	Monday April 29	Study Guide: Sensory Organs – Ears Lecture Images: Sensory Organs - Ears	Chapter 12 (pgs. 411-422)
23	Wednesday May 1	Study Guide: Urinary and Reproductive Systems Lecture Images: Urinary and Reproductive Systems	Chapter 20 (pgs. 633-641)
24	Thursday May 2 *This special viewing time will occur during the normal two hour lab period between 3-5pm. Please note the new room location	Inside Nature's Giants: The Elephant and The Racehorse or The Sperm Whale	Video (HS 237)
	Monday May 6	LECTURE EXAM #4 Lectures 20-24 including the Inside Nature's Giants episode(s) from Lecture 24

Lab Schedule for Spring 2013

Lab #	Date	Lab Topic	Readings
1	Tuesday January 29	Introduction to Lab, Body Regions, Directional Terms, Planes of Section	The Dissection of Vertebrates – pgs. xvii-xix
2	Thursday January 31	Exercise in Cladistics	Cladistic Analysis - Lab 2 of lab manual. Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates Reading - pgs. 10-18. READ BEFORE LAB!
3	Tuesday February 5	Histology Lab Quiz 1: body regions, directional terms, planes of section, and cladistics	BIO308/508 lab manual. Read the sections in Chapter 6 of Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates on the Integument.
4	Thursday February 7	Skeletal System: Skulls and Vertebrae	Skeleton in Chapters 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
5	Tuesday February 12	Dentition, Skeletal System: Postcranium Lab Quiz 2: histology and skulls	Skeleton in Chapters 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
6	Thursday February 14	Form and Function of Vertebrates on Land and Water
7	Tuesday February 19	External Morphology, Skinning Lab Quiz 3: dentition, postcranium, and form and function of vertebrates	External Anatomy in Chapters 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
8	Thursday February 21	Skinning (continued) Superficial Muscles	Musculature in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
9	Tuesday February 26	Superficial Muscles (continued), Deep Muscles Lab Quiz 4: external morphology and superficial muscles	Musculature in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
10	Thursday February 28	Deep Muscles (continued)	Digestive system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
11	Tuesday March 5	Digestive System	Digestive system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
12	Thursday March 7	Respiratory System: Lab Quiz 5: deep muscles and digestive system	Respiratory system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
13	Tuesday March 12	Review for Lab Exam 1
	Thursday March 14	LAB EXAM #1 Histology, Skeletal System, External Morphology, Muscles, Digestive System, and Respiratory System
	March 19 & 21	NO LAB: SPRING BREAK
14	Tuesday March 26	Circulatory System: Heart and Arterial System Review for Lab Exam 1	Circulatory system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
15	Thursday March 28	Circulatory System (continued) Lab Quiz 6: respiratory system, heart, and arterial system	Circulatory system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
16	Tuesday April 2	Circulatory System: Venous System	Circulatory system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
17	Thursday April 4	Urinary and Reproductive Systems	Urinary and Reproductive Systems in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
18	Tuesday April 9	Urinary and Reproductive Systems (continued)	Urinary and Reproductive Systems in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
19	Thursday April 11	Nervous System Lab Quiz 7: venous system, urinary system, and reproductive system	Nervous system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
20	Tuesday April 16	Nervous System (continued) Sensory System	Nervous system in Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 7 of The Dissection of Vertebrates
21	Thursday April 18	Lab Quiz 8: nervous and sensory systems Review for Lab Exam 2
	Tuesday April 23	LAB EXAM #2 Circulatory System, Urinary and Reproductive Systems, Nervous System, and Sensory System

Grading Scale for BIO308:

Percentage	Grade	Grade Points
100-92	A	4.0
91-89	A-	3.67
88-86	B+	3.33
85-82	B	3.00
81-79	B-	2.67
78-76	C+	2.33
75-72	C	2.00
71-69	C-	1.67
68-66	D+	1.33
65-63	D	1.00
62-60	D-	0.67
<60	F	0.00

Marking Scheme for 308:

Lecture: Lecture Exam #1 Lecture Exam #2 Lecture Exam #3 Lecture Exam #4 Essay Comments Essay Draft Essay Final	13% 13% 13% 13% 2% 4% 8%
Lab: Lab Practical Exam #1 Lab Practical Exam #2 Quizzes (7 X 2% each) Total	10% 10% 14% 100%

Percentage	Grade	Grade Points
100-92	A	4.0
91-89	A-	3.67
88-86	B+	3.33
85-82	B	3.00
81-79	B-	2.67
78-76	C+	2.33
75-72	C	2.00
<72	F	0.00

Marking Scheme for 508:

Lecture: Lecture Exam #1 Lecture Exam #2 Lecture Exam #3 Lecture Exam #4 Essay Draft Essay Final	13% 13% 13% 13% 5% 13%
Lab: Dissection Manual Lab Practical Exam #1 Lab Practical Exam #2 Total	10% 10% 10% 100%

Lecture Exams (52% of your total course grade):
Lecture Exams 1-4 will consist of a short answer questions and essay questions. Each lecture exam is scheduled during a regular lecture period and will take no more time than allotted normally for a lecture. Graduate students will write the same exam as the undergraduates, but must also answer the bonus question. While the point value for the graduate exam will be greater than for the undergraduate exam, it will be worth the same percentage.

Dissection Manual (15% of your total course grade) :
You will dissect a different vertebrate than those dissected by undergraduates. In addition to this dissection, you are required to put together a lab dissection manual of the vertebrate. This manual will consist of fully labeled drawings of external and internal anatomy. At the beginning of the manual will be a concise outline (maximum 6 pages double-spaced) of the natural history and taxonomy of the species of vertebrate dissected. The completed dissection manual is due May 10, 2011.
You will be graded on the natural history and taxonomy section (10 points), quality of the drawings (20 points), and degree of coverage of each organ system in the dissection and shown in the drawings (40 points). Each drawing must include a title, view, and magnification. All drawings must be fully labeled. Use pencil and blank paper only for all drawings.
Although you will.not be dissecting one of the animals provided to the undergraduates, you are responsible for the anatomy of these animals. Join a group and learn the anatomy of their dissected animals. The lab exams will not include any questions on the vertebrate that you are dissecting.

Lab Practical Exams (20% of your total course grade):
Lab practical exams 1 and 2 will follow the format of a “bell-ringer” test where you will be asked to identify labeled structures and answer fill-in-the-blank questions within a time limit. As the term “practical” suggests, the goal of the lab practical exams is to test your ability to identify those structures that you learned in lab and your understanding of their form and function based upon your observations of materials in front of you. Each lab practical exam is scheduled during a regular lab period.
Important Note - The second lab practical exam will not be comprehensive and will include only material learned since the first lab exam.

Essay (18% of your total course grade):
You will be required to write a short essay on a topic in comparative anatomy. A separate handout has been prepared to discuss the essay.

Policy for Lecture and Lab Practical Exams and Lab Quizzes for BIO308 and 508:
All exams and quizzes will be conducted during a scheduled lecture or lab time. Please note the dates as shown in each timetable and be certain to attend these times. Each lab quiz will be given during the first 15 minutes of the lab. If you are late, then you will not be allowed to write a make-up quiz.

The only valid reasons for missing a quiz or exam (that will be acceptable for a make-up exam) are:
1. Illness. A valid doctor’s note will be required. This note must be on official stationary with the name, address and phone number of the doctor (photocopies will not be acceptable). It must state clearly that you were unable to attend the lecture/lab exam on the date of the exam and have the doctor’s signature. Once the validity of the note has been verified, you will be allowed to write a make-up exam.
2. Death in the family. Documentation such as a letter from the funeral home or hospital will be required.
3. An officially approved absence from the university. In the case of a sporting event, a signed letter from your coach is required and must be received by Dr. Dilkes at least 7 days prior to the exam.

It is the student’s responsibility to contact Dr. Dilkes within 72 hours of missing an exam. A student can make up a missed lab only with signed permission from Dr. Dilkes.

Important Note on Make-up Exams:
Please be aware that a make-up exam will not be the same as the regularly scheduled exam and can, at the discretion of Dr. Dilkes, consist of only essay questions. It is strongly recommended that you make every effort to attend each scheduled exam. If you miss a make-up exam, then you will receive a grade of zero for that exam.

Changing of Grades in Exams or Quizzes:
Clerical Error – If you discover an addition error on your exam or quiz, then return it immediately to Dr. Dilkes for correction.
Corrections in Grading – Regrading of an exam will only be considered if a written explanation of the problem accompanies the exam. Any lecture notes or text readings that support regrading must be included with the explanatory note. I will only discuss possible regrading in my office and not during a lecture or lab period. Please note that regrading of an exam will not necessarily result in additional marks. The exam grade may increase, decrease or stay the same.

Check Out These Amazing Web Sites! Many are Comparative Anatomy, but several include other topics.
Phylogeny of Vertebrates
The Tree of Life Web Project - an excellent web site!
Introduction to the Vertebrates - University of California Museum of Paleontology

Fossil Vertebrates
Palaeos: The Vertebrates

Cladistics
What is Cladistics?
Journey into Phylogenetic Systematics
Cladistics: Identifying Branching Points in Evolutionary Pathways

Taxonomy
Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature
ITIS - Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Patuxent Bird Identification Info Center by Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
BIRDNET The Ornithological Information Source by the Ornithological Council

Embryology
Amphibian Embryology Tutorial at University of Wisconsin Madison

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
Virtual Pig Dissection
Fish Dissection
Rat Dissection
The Sheep Brain Dissection Guide
Net Frog
Video Dissection Guide for Cat & Shark by the University of Alberta Zoology 225
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Online by the University of British Columbia
Animal Skull Collection
The Articulation Page - How to Construct a Posed Skeleton
Cat Anatomy Tutorial by Kenyon College
Comparative Vertebrate Atlas Index by Murray State University
Avian Biology by Prof. Gary Ritchison of Eastern Kentucky University
Animation of Bird Lungs at San Diego State University College of Sciences (requires Shockwave plugin)
Animation of Respiration in the Frog at Thames Valley School District

Different Groups of Vertebrates
Introduction to the Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys) at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Introduction to the Myxini (Hagfishes) at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Gnathostomata. Jawed Vertebrates at the Tree of Life Web Project
Introduction to the Chondrichthyes at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Fascinating Facts About Fish at Northeast Fisheries Science Center
Bony Fishes - Class Osteichthyes at SeaWorld
The Fish Out of Time - Information on the coelacanth
Introduction to the Tetrapoda at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Introduction to the Amphibia at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Amphibia Web at the University of California Berkeley
Frog Morphology and Physiology Tutorials at Cornell University
Living Amphibians at the Tree of Life Web Project
Amniota - Mammals & Reptiles at the Tree of Life Web Project
Temporal Fenestration and the Classification of Amniotes at the Tree of Life Web Project
Reptiles - The EMBL Reptile Database
The Reptiles (except turtles) at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Introduction to the Aves (The Birds) at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
UCMP Hall of Mammals
Marsupial Mammals at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Monotremes - Egg-Laying Mammals at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Placental Mammals at the University of California Museum of Paleontology

I Know That I Don't Need to Say This...

Academic Misconduct

A university is a community of individuals who have come to together to instruct and learn. Of the many academic and personal goals to be achieved at university, included is the ability to think independently and creatively, hone your written and oral skills for the communication of your ideas and grow as an individual with confidence in your abilities. For the university, it strives continually to improve its ability to instruct effectively and instill in each of its students the self-confidence, skills and knowledge to be successful. Academic misconduct such as cheating and plagiarism harms both the student and university by defeating these goals. A student who cheats fails to acquire the skills, knowledge and self-confidence needed for success, and the university will acquire an undesired reputation. Elimination of cheating and plagiarism is the responsibility of both the university and each student.

The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh is committed to a standard of academic integrity for all students. The system guidelines state: "Students are responsible for the honest completion and representation of their work, for the appropriate citation of sources, and for respect of others' academic endeavors." (UWS 14.01,Wisconsin Administrative Code).

Students are subject to disciplinary action for academic misconduct, which is defined in UWS 14.03, Wisconsin Administrative Code. Students on the UW Oshkosh campus have been suspended from the University for academic misconduct.

Students are encouraged to review the procedures related to violations of academic honesty as outlined in Chapter UWS 14, Wisconsin Administrative Code. The system guidelines and local procedures are printed in the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Student Discipline Code 2003-2004 and can be found on the Dean of Students website at www.uwosh.edu/dean/conduct.htm.

Specific questions regarding the provisions in Chapter UMW 14 (and institutional procedures approved to implement Chapter UMS 14) should be directed to the Dean of Students Office.

Below are the details of UWS 14.03.
UWS 14.03 Academic misconduct subject to disciplinary action.
(1) Academic misconduct is an act in which a student:
(a) Seeks to claim credit for the work or efforts of another without authorization or citation;
(b) Uses unauthorized materials or fabricated data in any academic exercise;
(c) Forges or falsifies academic documents or records;
(d) Intentionally impedes or damages the academic work of others;
(e) Engages in conduct aimed at making false representation of a student's academic performance; or
(f) Assists other students in any of these acts.

(2) Examples of academic misconduct include, but are not limited to: cheating on an examination; collaborating with others in work to be presented, contrary to the stated rules of the course; submitting a paper or assignment as one's own work when a part or all of the a paper or assignment as one's own work when a part or all of the paper or assignment is the work of another; submitting a paper or assignment that contains ideas or research of others without appropriately identifying the sources of those ideas; stealing examinations or course materials; submitting, if contrary to the rules of a course, work previously presented in another course; tampering with the laboratory experiment or computer program of another student; knowingly and intentionally assisting another student in any of the above, including assistance in an arrangement whereby any work, classroom performance, examination or other activity is submitted or performed by a person other than the student under whose name the work is submitted or performed.

Cheating will not be tolerated in BIO 308/508. No aids of any type will be allowed during a lecture exam, a lab practical exam or a lab quiz. Every answer that you submit for grading must reflect your own knowledge and thoughts. Any instance of academic misconduct may result in an academic penalty such as a failing grade on the exam or quiz, a failure in the course or possible expulsion from the university.