MATERIALS:
* Wood * Plywoods * Other sheet goods * Fabrics * Plastics and new materials * Steel and other metal structural shapes Wood Traditional material Hardwoods: * Primarily suitable for furniture * Heavy, not as available in long lengths * Too brittle and prone to splitting Softwoods: * Best generally useful for scenery * Lighter, straighter grain, less splitting Softwoods Pines • Northern White Pine • Southern Yellow Pine • SPF; Spruce, Pines, Firs, Hemlock Firs • White • Douglas Boards Board Sides Nominal Dimensions • Nominal vs. Actual dimensions - 1 x 2 = 3/4” x 1 5/8” - 1 x 3 = 3/4” x 2 5/8” - 1 x 4 = 3/4” x 3 1/2” - 1 x 6 = 3/4” x 5 1/2” - 1 x 8 = 3/4” x 7 1/4” - 1 x 10 = 3/4” x 9 1/4” - 1 x 12 = 3/4” x 11 1/4” Board Foot Calculating Board Feet No. of Pieces X Dimensions X Length (ft.) / 12 Example: 10 pc. 1x3 - 14 ft. 10 x 1 x 3 x 14 / 12 = ? 10 x 1 x 3 x 14/ 12 = 420/ 12 35 brd ft Board Defects * Knots: places where branches grew. + Size, tight, loose, missing? * Straight or erratic grain, amount of pitch * Blemishes + Scarfing + Stains, pitch pockets, insect damage * Warps + Cup, bow, or twists Board Grades Structural Lumber * White or Douglas Fir * Southern Yellow Pine + 2” Nominal and up + 2 x 4, 2 x 6, 2 x 8, 2 x 10, 2 x 12 * Redwood + 4 x 4 and larger members Structural Grades * Select grade + Same as board grades, mostly clear with small knots * Construction grade + Equivalent to Common board grade + Larger, more numerous knots Plywood E-Z Bend Types of Plywood * Interior + Water resistant, not waterproof * Exterior + Waterproof, but not for immersion + Most common for theatre use * Marine + Suitable for immersion, very expensive Plywood grades Plywood grades, con’t Luaun plywood “Philippine Mahogany” Other Sheet Goods * Masonite Standard or Tempered * Particle Board * Wafer Board, Aspenite * Oriented Strand Board, OSB * Homasote, Beaverboard * Upson Board * Medium Density Fiberboard, MDF Plastics * Comes as sheets or chemical formulations * Requires extra precautions to use + More likely to cause skin reactions, etc. * MUST BE USED WITH ADAQUATE VENTILATION & RESPIRATORS + Fumes released while working, by heat, etc. + May range from unpleasant to toxic to lethal + Must ventilate to outside, not rest of building Acrylics * Trade name PLEXIGLAS * Clear, translucent, textured, colored * Available as sheets, rods, tubes, bars * Available as liquid casting resin * Solid forms can be heated and bent Epoxies * Most common as adhesives and casting resins * Great strength and water resistance * When hardened, can be worked with wood or metal cutting tools * Very prone to causing skin dermatitus Florocarbons * Teflon and related products * Tough, very slick, used for skids and slides * Available as sheets, tapes, and blocks Polyesters * Saturated Polyesters + Polyester fabrics, Dacron + Mylar films, aluminized mylar film, color media * Unsaturated polyesther + Casting resin, Fibreglas formulations Polyethylene Characterized by slick waxy surface Rejects paints and glues * Polyethylene drop cloths and sheeting * Ethafoam: extruded polyethylene foam + resilient, flexible, fairly tough + use acrylic paints and/or coat with Flex glue and tissue to paint Polystyrene Hard surface, moderate flexibility and strength, somewhat brittle * Sheets: Vacu-form plastics; stiff, becomes very soft when heated * Extruded Polystyrene foam: * Styrofoam board, Blueboard * Expanded Polystyrene foam: * Beadboard, White board Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Strong, lightweight, rigid * Most common application, PVC pipe + Flexible tubing, can be bent and formed by heat + Plumbing working sinks in sets * Also available in sheets, rods Urethanes * Flexible urethane foam: “foam rubber” * Rigid urethane foam: floral foam * Two-part foams + Best jobbed in by professional insulation co. - A-B Pour foams - Rigid or soft - Froth-Pak spray foams * Canned Spray foam: + Great Stuff, Touch Foam Fabrics * Muslin: 72 to 108 in., 33 feet Thread count 128 to 140 * Canvas or Duck: 79 in. 7 to 9 oz. (per square yard) * Osnaberg * Scrim * Burlap * Erosion cloth * Gauze, Cheesecloth, Tobacco cloth