Doorbells and buzzers:

In general, work best if located near where thay are supposed to be.

However, people can tell direction but not distance accurately.

Often acceptable to place upstage of the source behind furniture, a wall, etc. 
so long as it doesn't block the sound.

Doorbells

Mechanical bells
Bell on a spring, operated by pull cords.
Victorian electric bell
Added a shaker to the same bell mechanism.
"Old style" electric doorbells
	* AC or DC, work from 6v. to 10v.
	* May be battery operated usually done with a "bell" transformer.

Simple circuit is all that is required

Avoid using line voltage-type connectors if possible!

Modern doorbells

AC only, require 16 v. transformer; 10 volt not quite strong enough.

Can operate one or both solinoids for single or double "bong";
really two separate circuits but can operate on same transformer.

Telephones
	* May be operated with remote bell or internal bell.
	* Internal best if possible, but requires special considerations.

Remote bell:

Low tech approach, use an old-style electric doorbell.
   Does not sound as realistic
                  but

   simple and easy with easily available parts.

Internal bell or "real" phone type bell

Requires a special power supply:
	* Phones operate on two voltages
	* "Talk" circuit is DC, about 50 volts. Signal is an AC waveform 
         on a DC carrier.
                          However
	* Ringer voltage is about 90 VAC. High voltage but very little amperage.
	* Bell will NOT operate on DC!

DANGER! DANGER!

Phone WILL NOT operate on 120 V. LINE VOLTAGE!!
Phone requires approx. 20-30 Hertz AC; Line voltage is 60 Hz. 
Bell clapper vibrates too rapidly to quite reach bells.

MORE IMPORTANT, IT IS VERY DANGEROUS!!!

   120 v. is at high amperage, and can electricute!

Ringer generators:

Must deliver 90 v. at 12 to 20 Hz. Options
	* "Ma Bell" ringers, may be available from local phone company.
	* Theatrical alternative:
TeleQ Ringer generator
		+ Run on 9 v. battery or AC adaptor.
		+ Safe power level

Wiring the phone

Phone cords have 4-6 wires, but only 2 wires needed.
Single line phones use red and green wires ONLY.
     Connect to contacts L1 and L2.

Modern Modular Phones can use commercial wires and plugs.
Older phone must be re-wired with modular cord.

Be sure you try to get a period phone!
	* Each period and each country used own style of phones.

1882: 3 box phone

1895: Fiddleback wall phone

1899: Candlestick phone

1919: Candlestick with dial

1927: Early Deskset

1937: Deskset phone

    + Dial phones were in common use before the early 60's,
          when push buttons were introduced.
    + Brass double-bells used until 70's or 80's,
          when electronic ringers came into use.