A Ridiculously Short History of Buddhism

India

563-483 bce        Gautama Buddha

5th c. bce            Early “Hinayana” schools begin to develop in India

100 bce               Mahayana branch begins to develop

8th-10^th c. ce      Buddhism dies out in India with Muslim invasion

China

200 ce         Buddhism introduced to China. Becomes influenced by Chinese culture and 
                     develops new schools: Chan (Jpn Zen), Huayan (Jpn: Kegon), Tientai
                     (Jpn: Tendai), Pure Land, etc.

600-850      Buddhism dominant in China

845              Persecution of Buddhism in China

1000            Development of Neo-Confucianism begins, which will dominate until 1900,
                     though Buddhism continues

Japan

550 ce        Buddhism introduced to Japan

more on the history of Buddhism in Japan in other documents

bce = "before the common era"  = b.c.
ce = "common era" = a.d.