Robert R. Wise
Plant Physiologist
Associate Professor of Biology
Department of Biology and Microbiology
University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
800 Algoma Blvd.
Oshkosh, WI 54901
Office: Room 40, Halsey Science Center
Phone: 920-424-3404
Fax: 920-424-1101
Email: wise@uwosh.edu

Education:
- Ph.D. 1986, Plant Physiology, Duke University
- M.S. 1981, Botany, Duke University
- B.S. 1977, Biology (with emphasis in zoology), University
of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

Courses I Teach or Have Taught:
- Introductory Biology (Bio 105)
- Biology of Plant and Microbes (Bio 231)
- Plant Anatomy (26-337)
- Plant Physiology (26-345)
- Electron Microscopy Techniques (26-350)
- Independent Study (Bio 446)--15 students total
- Advanced Topics in Plant Stress Physiology (Bio 766)

Research Interests:
My major area of research for the past 20 years has been the
effects of environmental stress, including cold, heat and drought, on
photosynthesis. Average crop yields in the United States
are only one sixth to one seventh of record yields, and environmental
stress is the cause of most of the reduction. Unlike animals,
plants are largely unable to escape from environmental stresses
such as heat, cold, drought, and flooding. Therefore, they have
developed unique biochemical and bioenergetic coping mechanisms
which make for fascinating and useful areas of research.
A second area of research in my laboratory is the relationship between
short-term regulation of photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure.
Phil Rozak, a recently-graduated masters student from my lab, demonstrated that
chloroplast thylakoid stacking can change significantly with a mere 10 minute
increase or decrease in light intensity. This structural rearrangement has
a direct impact on photosynthetic regulation, particularly in connection to
State changes.
I have also recently become interested in the anatomy and ultrastructure
of the Lemnaceae (duckweed family, an interesting and poorly described group of floating,
aquatic plants. Members of the genus Wolffia
of the family Lemnaceae are the smallest flowering plants in the
world. Mature adults are only about half of a millimeter in diameter.
At least 11 Lemnaceae species are found in Wisconsin, out of a worldwide
total of ~34 species. Although the Lemnaceae are members of the Division
Anthophyta (flowering plants) they rarely flower in nature and rely instead on
budding (asexual) reproduction. Keven Schepp, an undergraduate in my
laboratory, has managed to get four species of local Lemnaceae into sterile
culture and we are attempting to induce flowering in order to more fully study
floral anatomy and ultrastructure in this unique group of plants.

Publications (names in bold are UW Oshkosh graduate or
undergraduate students):
-
Rozak,
P.R., R.M. Seiser, W.F. Wacholtz, and R.R. Wise.
2002. Rapid, reversible
alterations in spinach thylakoid appression upon changes in light intensity. Plant, Cell &
Environment 25: 421-429.
-
Wise,
R.R. 2002. Inexpensive holder for hand-trimming resin-embedded tissues.
Microscopy Research and
Technique 56: 306-307.
-
Wise,
R.R., C.A. Pierstorff, S.L. Nelson, R.M. Bursek,
J.L. Plude, M. McNello, and J.
Hein. 2001. Morphological
deformities in Chironomus (Chironomidae:
Diptera) larvae as indicators of pollution in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin.
Journal of Great Lakes Research
27: 503-509.
- Buss, C.C., T.G. Lammers and R.R. Wise. 2000. Seed coat
morphology and its systematic implications in Cyanea and other genera
of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae). American Journal of Botany.
In
Press.
-
Wise, R.R., G.F. Sassenrath-Cole and R.G. Percy.
2000. A comparative study of leaf anatomy in
field-grown Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense. Annals of Botany,
86:731-738.
- Kratsch, H.A. and R.R. Wise. 2000. The
ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 23: 337-350.
- Choinski, J.S. and R.R. Wise. 1999. Leaf
growth and development related to gas exchange in Quercus
marilandica Muenchh. Journal of Plant Physiology, 154: 302-309.
- Wise, R.R. and W.C. Cook. 1998. Development
of ultrastructural damage to chloroplasts in a plastoquionone-deficient
mutant of maize. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 40: 221-228.
- White, S.L. and R.R. Wise. 1998. Anatomy
and ultrastructure of Wolffia columbiana and W.
borealis (Lemnaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences,
159: 297-304.
- Wise, R.R. 1995. Chilling-enhanced photo oxidation:
The production, action and study of reactive oxygen species during
chilling in the light. Photosynthesis Research, 45: 79-97.
- Cushman, K.E., T.W. Tibbitts, T.D. Sharkey
and R.R. Wise. 1995. Constant light injury of potato: Temporal
and spatial patterns of CO2 assimilation, starch content,
chloroplast integrity, and necrosis. The Journal of the American
Society of Horticultural Science, 120: 1032-1040.
- Ort, D.R., K. Oxborough, and R.R. Wise. 1994.
Depressions of photosynthesis in crops with water deficits. In
N.R. Baker and J. Bowyer (eds.), Photo inhibition of Photosynthesis
From Molecular Mechanisms to the Field. Bios Scientific Publishers,
London. pp. 315-329.
- Wise, R.R., A. Ortiz-Lopez and D.R. Ort.
1992. Stomatal aperture distribution during drought in field-grown
and acclimated and non-acclimated growth-chamber-grown cotton.
Plant Physiology 100:26-32.
- Wise, R.R., D.H. Sparrow, A. Ortiz-Lopez
and D.R. Ort. 1991. Biochemical regulation during the mid-day
decline of photosynthesis in field-grown sunflower. Plant Science.
74:45-52.
- Kramer, D.M., R.R. Wise, J.R. Frederick,
D.M. Alm, D.R. Ort and A.R. Crofts. 1990. Regulation of coupling
factor in field-grown sunflower: A redox model relating coupling
factor activity to the activities of other thioredoxin-dependent
chloroplast enzymes. Photosynthesis Research. 26:213-222.
- Wise, R.R., J.R. Frederick, D.M. Alm, D.M.
Kramer, J.D. Hesketh, A.R. Crofts and D.R. Ort. 1990. Investigation
of the limitations to photosynthesis induced by leaf water deficit
in field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Plant,
Cell & Environment. 13:923-931.
- Wise, R.R., I. Terashima and D.R. Ort. 1990.
The effect of chilling in the light on photophosphorylation:
Analysis of discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo results.
Photosynthesis Research. 25:137-139.
- Ort, D.R., R.R. Wise, J. Kent and P. Cooper.
1989. Changes in protein synthesis induced by chilling and their
influence on the chilling sensitivity of photosynthesis. Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry 27:785-793.
- Wise, R.R. and D.R. Ort. 1989. Photophosphorylation
after chilling in the light. Effects on thylakoid energization
and coupling factor activity. Plant Physiology 90: 657-664.
- Wise, R.R. and A.M. Juncosa. 1989. Ultrastructure
of the transfer tissues during viviparous seedling development
in Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae). American Journal
of Botany 76:1286-1298.
- Wise, R.R. and D.R. Ort. 1989. Effects of
light chilling on photophosphorylation in cucumber. In G. Singhal,
J. Barber, R.A. Dilley, Govindjee, R. Haselkorn, and P. Mohanty
(eds.), Photosynthesis: Molecular Biology and Bioenergetics.
Narosa and Springer-Verlag, New Delhi, India. pp. 283-295
- Wise, R.R. and A.W. Naylor. 1988. Stress
ethylene does not originate directly from lipid peroxidation
during chilling-enhanced photooxidation. Journal of Plant Physiology
133: 62-66.
- Wise, R.R. and A.W. Naylor. 1987. Chilling-enhanced
photooxidation: Evidence for the role of singlet oxygen and superoxide
in the breakdown of pigments and endogenous antioxidants. Plant
Physiology 83: 278-282.
- Wise, R.R. and A.W. Naylor. 1987. Chilling-enhanced
photooxidation: The peroxidative destruction of lipids during
injury to photosynthesis and ultrastructure. Plant Physiology
83:272-277.
- Wise, R.R. 1986. Evidence for the role of
oxygen radicals in chilling-enhanced photooxidation: A comparison
of cucumber and pea. Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, Durham,
NC.
- Wise, R.R. and A.W. Naylor. 1985. Calibration
and use of a Clark-type oxygen electrode from 5 to 45°C.
Analytical Biochemistry 146: 260-264.
- Musser, R.L., S.A. Thomas, R.R. Wise, T.C.
Peeler and A.W. Naylor. 1984. Chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment
composition, and chlorophyll fluorescence in shoot-chilled soybeans.
Plant Physiology 74: 749-754.
- Wise, R.R. and J.B. Harris. 1984. The three-dimensional
structure of the Cyphomandra betacea chloroplast peripheral
reticulum. Protoplasma 119: 222-225.
- Wise, R.R., J.R. McWilliam and A.W. Naylor.
1983. A comparative study of low-temperature-induced ultrastructural
alterations of three species with differing chilling sensitivities.
Plant, Cell & Environment 6: 525-535.
- Wise, R.R. 1981. Alterations in the fine
structure of chloroplasts from collard (Brassica oleracea),
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum) leaves exposed to chilling temperatures and water
stress. Masters Thesis, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Wise, R.R. and J.B. Harris. 1980. Thylakoid-dense
chloroplasts of Callisia fragrans. Cytologia 45: 113-126.
[Figure 3 from this paper was published in P. Sheeler and D.E.
Bianchi. (1983. Cell Biology: Structure, Biochemistry, and Function,
2nd Ed., Wiley & Sons, p. 421) as an example of chloroplast
ultrastructure].

Current Student in My Laboratory:
Masters Students Graduated From My Laboratory:
Kratsch, Heidi A. Evidence for actin-based chloroplast movement in leaves of Pisum
sativum. Defended July 25, 2000. Currently working on her Ph.D. in the
Department of Plant Biology, Iowa State University.
Rozak, Phillip R. Alterations in thylakoid membrane ultrastructure of spinach
(Spinacia oleracea L.) accompany state changes. Defended September 6,
2000. Currently teaching biology and chemistry with the Peace Corps in Kenya.

Professional Activities:
- Member, Editorial Board of Environmental and Experimental
Botany

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Last updated 06 December 2000