CONCEPT

CAMPBELL TEXT, BIO 105

Levels of organization

Fig. 1.1

All life forms have common features

Section 1.4

Evolution explains life

Section 1.6

Life forms contain about 25 elements

Section 2.1; Table 2.1

Elements combine to form compounds

Section 2.3

Electron clouds and bonds

Sections 2.6-2.8

Polarity = unequal electron sharing

Section 2.9

Hydrogen bonds

Section 2.10

Water is the solvent of life

Section 2.14

Acids, bases, and pH

Section 2.15

Chemical reactions

Section 2.17

Cells make large molecules from small ones

Section 3.3

Carbohydrates

Section 3.4 and 3.7

Lipids

Section 3.8 and 3.9

Proteins

Sections 3.11-3.12

Protein shape determines protein function

Sections 3.13-3.14

Enzyme activity

Sections 5.5-5.7

Nucleic acids

Section 3.16

Kinetic and potential energy

Section 5.1

Energy transformation in human body

Fig. 5.2A

1^st and 2^nd laws of thermodynamics

Section 5.2

Chemical reactions store or release energy

Section 5.3

“Burning” glucose by cellular respiration (= oxidative phosphorylation) provide ready ATP energy for cells

Sections 5.4, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.10
Figs 6.6, 6.12

Lactic acid in muscle when oxygen is lacking

Section 6.13, plus Fig 6.13A

Cells can “burn” fats and proteins, too

Fig. 6.14

Eukaryotic animal cell

Fig. 4.4A

Breathing accomplishes gas exchange

Section 6.2

Diffusion

Section 5.14

Osmosis

Section 5.16

Membrane physiology

Sections 5.10-5.19

Concept of surface area amplification

Fig. 4.2B

Nucleus

Section 4.5

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis

Section 4.8, 10.6, 10.7, and 10.15

Mitochondria

Section 4.15

Cell skeleton

Section 4.16

Cilia and flagella

Section 4.17

Cell surfaces

Section 4.18

Mitosis

Sections 8.4 and 8.11

Meiosis

Sections 8.12 and 8.15

DNA and RNA

Section 10.2

Cellular differentiation activates only a subset of a cell’s available genes

Section 11.2